News - API 5L Line Pipe: A Comprehensive Guide to Chemical Composition and Performance

Introductio:

API 5L norma specificationis ab Instituto Petroleo Americano (API) inconsutilis et iuncta fistularum ferrearum in systematis vecturis intra petrolei et gasi naturalis industrias adhibita est.Womic Steel, praecipuus opifex API 5L tibiarum linearum, praebet amplitudinem productorum comprehensivam, quae variis gradibus et specificationibus occurrunt.Hic articulus accuratam comparationem praebet compositionis chemicae, proprietatum mechanicarum, et signa probantium pro diversis gradibus API 5L, tam PSL1 et PSL2 per tria fistularum genera: ERW (Resistentia Electrica iuncta), LSAW (Arcum Iunctae longitudinale submersum), et SMLS (Seamless).

Productio capacitas et dolor:

制造方法 Type	钢级起 Grd.Min	钢级止 Grd.Max	外径起 OD Min mm	外径止 OD Max mm	壁厚起 WT Min mm	壁厚止 WT Max mm	生产能力 Yauris MT/a
SMLS	B	X80Q	33.4	457	3.4	60	200000
HFW	B	X80M	2191	610	4.0	19.1	200000
SAWL	B	X100M	508	1422	6.0	40	50000

Tolerantia extra Diameter

标准 Standard	外径范围 Magnitudo	外径公差 Diameter tolerantiae				椭圆度 De rotunditate
		管体 Pipe Corpus		管端 Pipe End		管体 Pipe Corpus	管端 Pipe End
		无缝 SMLS	焊管 Weldec	无缝 SMLS	焊管 iuncta	无缝 SMLS	焊管 iuncta
API SPEC 5L SO 3183 GB/T9711	D<60.3mm	+0.4mm/-0.8mm		+1.6mm/-0.4mm
	60.3mm≤D≤168.3mm	+0.75%/-0.75%				≤2.0%	≤1.5%
	168.3mm			+0.5%/-0.5%
	320mm			+1.6mm/-1.6mm
	426mm	+0.75%/-0.75%	+3.2mm/-3.2mm
	610mm	+1.0%/-1.0%	+0.5%/-0.5%	±2.0mm	±1.6mm	≤1.5%	≤1.0%
	800mm		+4mm/-4mm
	1000mm	+1.0%/-1.0%	+4mm/-4mm			≤15mm	≤1.0%
	1300mm	+1.0%/-1.0%	+4mm/-4mm			≤15mm	≤13mm

Nota: D nominale extra tibiae diametrum.

Tolerantia Wall Crassitudo

标准 Standard	外径范围 extra certa Diameter	壁厚范围 Murum crassitudine	壁厚公差 Tolerantia Wall Crassitudo	壁厚公差 Tolerantia Wall Crassitudo
标准 Standard	外径范围 extra certa Diameter	壁厚范围 Murum crassitudine	无缝 SMLS Pipe	焊管 iuncta Pipe
API SPEC 5L ISO 3183 GB/T 9711	-	t≤4.0mm	+0.6mm/-0.5mm	+0.5mm/-0.5mm
	-	4.0mm	+15%/-12.5%	+0.5mm/-0.5mm
	-	5.0mm		+10%/-10%
	-	15.0mmst<25.0mm		+1.5mm/-1.5mm
	-	25.0mm≤t<30.0mm	+3.7mm/-3.0mm
	-	30.0mm≤t<37.0mm	+3.7mm/-10.0%
	-	t≥37.0mm	+0.0%/-10.0%

Chemical Analysis

标准 Standard	钢管种类 Genus Pipe	等级 Classis	钢级 Gradus	C	Si	Mn	P	S	V	Nb	T	CE	Pcm	备注 Animadverte
标准 Standard	钢管种类 Genus Pipe	等级 Classis	钢级 Gradus	max	max	max	max	max	max	max	max	max	max	备注 Animadverte
API SPEC 5L ISO 3183 GB/T 9711	无缝管 SMLS	PSL1	L210 vel A *	0.22		0.90	0.030	0.030						e,o
			L245 vel B	0.28		1.20	0.030	0.030						c, d, e, o*
			L290 vel X42	0.28		1.30	0.030	0.030						de, o*
			L320 vel X46	0.28		1.40	0.030	0.030						d, e, o*
			L360 vel X52	0.28		1.40	0.030	0.030						d, e, o*
			L390 vel X56	0.28		1.40	0.030	0.030						d, e,o
			L415 vel X60	0.28		1.40	0.030	0.030						d, e, o*
			L450 vel X65	0.28		1.40	0.030	0.030						de,o
			L485 vel X70	0.28		1.40	0.030	0.030						d, e, o*
		PSL2	L245N vel BN	0.24	0.40	1.20	0.024	0.014			0.04	0.43	0.25	CFO
			L290N vel X42N	0.24	0.40	1.20	0.024	0.014	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.43	0.25	f, o*
			L320N vel X46N	0.24	0.40	1.40	0.024	0.014	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.43	0.25	d, f, o*
			L360N vel X52N	0.24	0.45	1.40	0.024	0.014	0.10	0.05	0.04	0.43	0.25	d, f, o*
			L390N vel X56N	0.24	0.45	1.40	0.024	0.014	0.10	0.05	0.04	0.43	0.25	d, f, o*
			L415N vel X60N	0.24	0.45	1.40	0.024	0.014	0.10	0.05	0.04	Ut dictum est		d, g, o*
			L245Q vel BQ	0.18	0.45	1.40	0.024	0.014	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.43	0.25	f, o*
			L290Q vel X42Q	0.18	0.45	1.40	0.024	0.014	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.43	0.25	f, o*
			L320Q orX46Q	0.18	0.45	1.40	0.024	0.014	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.43	0.25	f, o*
			13600 vel 52Q	0.18	0.45	1.50	0.024	0.014	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.43	0.25	f, o*
			L390Q vel X56Q	0.18	0.45	1.50	0.024	0.014	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.43	0.25	d, f, o*
			L415Q vel X60Q	0.18	0.45	1.70	0.024	0.014				0.43	0.25	d, g, o*
			L450Q vel X65Q	0.18	0.45	1.70	0.024	0.014				0.43	0.25	d, g, o*
			L485Q vel X70Q	0.18	0.45	1.80	0.024	0.014				0.43	0.25	d, g, o*
			L555Q vel X80Q	0.18	0.45	1.90	0.024	0.014				Ut dictum est		Salve
		酸性服役条件 Nam acidus servitium	L245NS vel BNS	0.14	0.40	1.35	0.018	0.008			0.04	0.36	0.22	c, d, j, k
			L290NS vel X42NS	0.14	0.40	1.35	0.018	0.008	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.36	0.22	j, k
			L320NS vel X46NS	0.14	0.40	1.40	0.018	0.008	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.38	0.23	dj, k
			L360NS vel X52NS	0.16	0.45	1.65	0.018	0.008	0.10	0.05	0.04	0.43	0.25	d, j, k
			L245QS vel BQS	0.14	0.40	1.35	0.018	0.008	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.34	0.22	j, k
			L290QS vel X42QS	0.14	0.40	1.35	0.018	0.008	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.34	0.22	j, k
			L320QS vel X46QS	0.15	0.45	1.40	0.018	0.008	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.36	0.23	j, k
			L360QS vel X52QS	0.16	0.45	1.65	0.018	0.008	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.39	0.23	d, j, k
			L390QS vel X56QS	0.16	0.45	1.65	0.018	0.008	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.40	0.24	d, j, k
			L415QS vel X60QS	0.16	0.45	1.65	0.018	0.008	0.08	0.05	0.04	0.41	0.25	dj, k
			L450QS vel X65QS	0.16	0.45	1.65	0.018	0.008	0.09	0.05	0.06	0.42	0.25	d, j, k
			L485QS vel X70QS	0.16	0.45	1.65	0.018	0.008	0.09	0.05	0.06	0.42	0.25	d,j, k

标准 Standard	钢管种类 Genus Pipe	等级 Classis	钢级 Gradus	C	Si	Mn	P	S	V	Nb	Ti	CEa	Pcm	备注 Animadverte
标准 Standard	钢管种类 Genus Pipe	等级 Classis	钢级 Gradus	max	max	max	max	max	max	max	max	max	max	备注 Animadverte
AP\|SPEC 5L ISO 3183 GB/T 9711	无缝管 SMLS	海上服役条件 For ipsam servitium	L245NO vel BNO	0.14	0.40	1.35	0.018	0.011			0.04	0.36	0.22	c, d, I, m
			L290NO vel X42NO	0.14	0.40	1.35	0.018	0.011	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.36	0.22	l, m*
			L320NO vel X46NO	0.14	0.40	1.40	0.018	0.011	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.38	0.23	d, I, m*
			L360NO vel X52NO	0.16	0.45	1.65	0.018	0.011	0.10	0.05	0.04	0.43	0.25	d, I*
			L245QO vel BQO .	0.14	0.40	1.35	0.018	0.011	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.34	0.22	l, m*
			L290QO vel X42Q0	0.14	0.40	1.35	0.018	0.011	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.34	0.22	l, m*
			L320QO vel X46QO	0.15	0.45	1.40	0.018	0.011	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.36	0.23	l, m*
			L360QO vel X52QO .	0.16	0.45	1.65	0.018	0.011	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.39	0.23	d, I, n
			L390QO vel X56Q0	0.15	0.45	1.65	0.018	0.011	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.40	0.24	d, I, n
			L415QO vel X60QO	0.15	0.45	1.65	0.018	0.011	0.08	0.05	0.04	0.41	0.25	d, I, n
			L455QO vel X65QO .	0.15	0.45	1.65	0.018	0.011	0.09	0.05	0.06	0.42	0.25	d, I, n
			L485Q0 vel X70Q0	0.17	0.45	1.75	0.018	0.011	0.10	0.05	0.06	0.42	0.25	d, l, n*
			L555QO vel X80QO .	0.17	0.45	1.85	0.018	0.011	0.10	0.06	0.06	Ut dictum est		d, I, n
	焊管 WELD	PSL1	L245 vel B	0.26		1.20	0.030	0.030						cd, e,c
			L290 orX42	0.26		1.30	0.030	0.030						d, e, o*
			L320 orX46	0.26		1.40	0.030	0.030						d, e,o
			L360 vel X52	0.26		1.40	0.030	0.030						d, e, o*
			L390 orX56	0.26		1.40	0.030	0.030						d, e, o*
			L415 orX60	0.26		1.40	0.030	0.030						d, e, o*
			L450 vel X65	0.26		1.45	0.030	0.030						d, e, o*
			L485 vel X70	0.26		1.65	0.030	0.030						d, e, o*
		PSL2	1245M vel BM	0.22	0.45	1.20	0.024	0.014	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.43	0.25	f, o*
			L290M vel X42M	0.22	0.45	1.30	0.024	0.014	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.43	0.25	f, o*
			L320M vel X46M	0.22	0.45	1.30	0.024	0.014	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.43	0.25	f, o*
			L360M vel X52M	0.22	0.45	1.40	0.024	0.014				0.43	0.25	d, f, o*
			L390M vel X56M	0.22	0.45	1.40	0.024	0.014				0.43	0.25	d, f, o*
			L415M vel X60M	0.12	0.45	1.60	0.024	0.014				0.43	0.25	d, g, o*
			L450M vel X65M	0.12	0.45	1.60	0.024	0.014				0.43	0.25	d, g, o*
			L485M vel X70M	0.12	0.45	1.70	0.024	0.014				0.43	0.25	d, g, o*
			L555M vel X80M	0.12	0.45	1.85	0.024	0.014				0.43	0.25	d, g, o*

标准 Standard	钢管种类 Genus Pipe	等级 Classis	钢级 Gradus	C	Si	Mn	P	S	V	Nb	T	CEa	Pcm	备注 Animadverte
标准 Standard	钢管种类 Genus Pipe	等级 Classis	钢级 Gradus	max	max	max	max	max	max	max	max	max	max	备注 Animadverte
API SPEC 5L ISO 3183 GB/T 9711	焊管 WELD	酸性服役条件 Nam acidus servitium	L245MS vel BMS	0.10	0.40	1.25	0.018	0.002	0.04	0.04	0.04		0.19	j, k
			L290MS vel X42MS	0.10	0.40	1.25	0.018	0.002	0.04	0.04	0.04		0.19	j, k
			L320MS vel X46MS	0.10	0.45	1.35	0.018	0.002	0.05	0.05	0.04		0.20	j, k
			L360MS vel X52MS	0.10	0.45	1.45	0.018	0.002	0.05	0.06	0.04		0.20	j, k
			L390MS vel X56MS	0.10	0.45	1.45	0.018	0.002	0.06	0.08	0.04		0.21	d, j, k
			L415MS vel X60MS	0.10	0.45	1.45	0.018	0.002	0.08	0.08	0.06		0.21	d, j, k
			L450MS vel X65MS	0.10	0.45	1.60	0.018	0.002	0.10	0.08	0.06		0.22	d, j, k
			L485MS vel X70MS	0.10	0.45	1.60	0.018	0.002	0.10	0.08	0.06		0.22	dj, k
		海上服役条件 For ipsam servitium	L245MO vel BMO	0.12	0.40	1.25	0.018	0.011	0.04	0.04	0.04		0.19	l, m*
			L290MO vel X42MO	0.12	0.40	1.35	0.018	0.011	0.04	0.04	0.04		0.19	l, m*
			L320MO vel X46MO	0.12	0.45	1.35	0.018	0.011	0.05	0.05	0.04		0.20	I, m
			L360MO vel X52MO	0.12	0.45	1.65	0.018	0.011	0.05	0.05	0.04		0.20	d, I, n
			L390MO vel X56MO	0.12	0.45	1.65	0.018	0.011	0.06	0.08	0.04		0.21	d, l, n*
			L415MO vel X60MO	0.12	0.45	1.65	0.018	0.011	0.08	0.08	0.06		0.21	d, I, n
			L450MO vel X65MO	0.12	0.45	1.65	0.018	0.011	0.10	0.08	0.06		0.222	d, I, n
			L485MO vel X70MO	0.12	0.45	1.75	0.018	0.011	0.10	0.08	0.06		0.22	d, l, n*
			L555MO vel X80MO	0.12	0.45	1.85	0.018	0.011	0.10	0.08	0.06		0.24	d, I, n

标准 Standard	等级 Classis	钢级 Gradus		屈服强度 Rt0.5(MPa) Cedat imperium	抗拉强度 Rm(MPa) Distrahentes fortitudo	延伸率 Af (%) Prolongatio	屈强比 Rt0.5/Rm	焊缝抗拉强度 Rm(MPa) Distrahentes fortitudo de Weld Soam
API SPEC 5L ISO 3183 GB/T 9711	PSL1	L210 vel A *	Min	210	335	a		335
		L245 vel B	Min	245	415	a		415
		L290 vel X42	Min	290	415	a		415
		L320 vel X46	Min	320	435	a		435
		L360 vel X52	Min	360	460	a		460
		L390 vel X56	Min	390	490	a		490
		L415 vel X60	Min	415	520	a		520
		L450 vel X65	Min	450	535	a		535
		L485 vel X70	Min	485	570	a		570
	PSL2	L245N vel BN L245Q vel BQ L245M vel BM	Min	245	415	a		415
		L245N vel BN L245Q vel BQ L245M vel BM	Max	450	655		0.93
		L290N vel X42N L290Q vel X42Q L290M vel X42M	Min	290	415	a		415
		L290N vel X42N L290Q vel X42Q L290M vel X42M	Max	495	655		0.93
		L320N vel X46N L320Q vel X46Q L320M vel X46M	Min	320	435	a		435
		L320N vel X46N L320Q vel X46Q L320M vel X46M	Max	525	655		0.93
		L360N vel X52N L360Q vel X52Q L360M vel X52M	Min	360	460	a		460
		L360N vel X52N L360Q vel X52Q L360M vel X52M	Max	530	760		0.93
		L390N vel X56N L390Q vel X56Q L390M vel X56M	Min	390	490	a		490
		L390N vel X56N L390Q vel X56Q L390M vel X56M	Max	545	760		0.93
		L415N vel X60N L415Q vel X60Q L415M vel X60M	Min	415	520	a		520
		L415N vel X60N L415Q vel X60Q L415M vel X60M	Max	565	760		0.93
		L450Q vel X65Q L450M vel X65M	Min	450	535	a		535
		L450Q vel X65Q L450M vel X65M	Max	600	760		0.93
		L485Q vel X70Q L485M vel X70M	Min	485	570	a		570
		L485Q vel X70Q L485M vel X70M	Max	635	760		0.93
		L555Q vel X80Q L555M vel X80M	Min	555	625	a		625
		L555Q vel X80Q L555M vel X80M	Max	705	825		0.93
		L625M vel X90M	Min	625	695	a		695
		L625M vel X90M	Max	775	915		0.95
		L690M vel X100M	Min	690	760	a		760
		L690M vel X100M	Max	840	990		0.97
		L830M vel X120M	Min	830	915	a		915
		L830M vel X120M	Max	1050	1145		0.99

标准 Standard	等级 Classis	钢级 Gradus		屈服强度 Rt0.5 (MPa) Cedat imperium	抗拉强度 Rm(MPa) Distrahentes fortitudo	延伸率 Af (%) Prolongatio	屈强比 Rt0.5/Rm	焊缝抗拉强度 Rm(MPa) Distrahentes fortitudo de Weld Soam
API SPEC 5L ISO 3183 GB/T 9711	酸性服役条件 Nam acidus servitium	L245NS vel BNS L245QS vel BQS L245MS vel BMS	Min	245	415	a		415
		L245NS vel BNS L245QS vel BQS L245MS vel BMS	Max	450	655		0.93
		L290NS vel X42NS L290QS vel X42QS L290MS vel X42MS	Min	290	415	a		415
		L290NS vel X42NS L290QS vel X42QS L290MS vel X42MS	Max	495	655		0.93
		L320NS vel X46NS L320QS vel X46QS L320MS vel X46MS	Min	320	435	a		435
		L320NS vel X46NS L320QS vel X46QS L320MS vel X46MS	Max	525	655		0.93
		L360NS vel X52NS L360QS vel X52QS L360MS vel X52MS	Min	360	460	a		460
		L360NS vel X52NS L360QS vel X52QS L360MS vel X52MS	Max	530	760		0.93
		L390QS vel X56QS L390MS vel X56MS	Min	390	490	a		490
		L390QS vel X56QS L390MS vel X56MS	Max	545	760		0.93
		L415QS vel X60QS L415MS vel X60MS	Min	415	520	a		520
		L415QS vel X60QS L415MS vel X60MS	Max	565	760		0.93
		L450QS vel X65QS L450MS vel X65MS	Min	450	535	a		535
		L450QS vel X65QS L450MS vel X65MS	Max	600	760		0.93
		L485QS vel X70QS L485MS vel X70MS	Min	485	570	a		570
		L485QS vel X70QS L485MS vel X70MS	Max	635	760		0.93
	海上服役条件 For ipsam servitium	L245NO vel BNO L245QO vel BQO . L245MO vel BMO	Min	245	415	a	-	415
		L245NO vel BNO L245QO vel BQO . L245MO vel BMO	Max	450	655		0.93
		L290NO vel X42NO L290Q0 vel X42Q0 L290MO vel X42MO	Min	290	415	a		415
		L290NO vel X42NO L290Q0 vel X42Q0 L290MO vel X42MO	Max	495	655		0.93
		L320NO vel X46NO L320QO vel X46QO L320MO vel X46MO	Min	320	435	a		435
		L320NO vel X46NO L320QO vel X46QO L320MO vel X46MO	Max	520	655		0.93
		L360NO vel X52NO L360QO vel X52QO . L360MO vel X52MO	Min	360	460	a		460
		L360NO vel X52NO L360QO vel X52QO . L360MO vel X52MO	Max	525	760		0.93
		L390QO vel X56QO L390MO vel X56MO	Min	390	490	a		490
		L390QO vel X56QO L390MO vel X56MO	Max	540	760		0.93
		L415QO vel X60QO L415MO vel X60MO	Min	415	520	a	-	520
		L415QO vel X60QO L415MO vel X60MO	Max	565	760		0.93
		L450QO vel X65QO L450MO vel X65MO	Min	450	535	a	-	535
		L450QO vel X65QO L450MO vel X65MO	Max	570	760		0.93
		L485Q0 vel X70Q0 L485MO vel X70MO	Min	485	570	a		570
		L485Q0 vel X70Q0 L485MO vel X70MO	Max	605	760		0.93
		L555QO vel X80QO . L555MO vel X80MO	Min	555	625	a		625
		L555QO vel X80QO . L555MO vel X80MO	Max	675	825		0.93

Nota: a: Minima elongatio utens sequente aequatione: A1=1940*A0.2/U0.9

钢级 Gradus	管体最小横向冲击功(1(2)(3) Minimum transversus Impact of Pipe Corpus (J)					焊缝最小横向冲击功(1(2(3) Minimum transversus Impact of Weld (J)
钢级 Gradus	D≤508	508mm<D ≤762mm	762mm<D ≤914mm	914mm<D ≤1219mm	1219mm<D ≤1422mm	D<1422mm	D=1422mm
≤L415 vel X60	27(20)	27(20)	40(30)	40(30)	40(30)	27(20)	40(30)
>L415 vel X60 ≤L450 vel X65	27(20)	27(20)	40(30)	40(30)	54(40)	27(20)	40(30)
>L450 vel X65 ≤L485 vel X70	27(20)	27(20)	40(30)	40(30)	54(40)	27(20)	40(30)
>L485 or X70 ≤L555 vel X80	40(30)	40(30)	40(30)	40(30)	54(40)	27(20)	40(30)

Nota: (1) Valores in mensa aptae sunt ad mensuram exempli plenitudinis.
(2) Valor intra bracket est minimus singularis pretii, extra bracket est valor mediocris.
(3) Temperature Test: 0°C.

Signa probatio:

API 5L fistulae rectae a Womic Ferro fabricatae subeunt experimentum strictum ut signa qualitatis summae occurrant.Signa probatio includuntur:

Analysis chemica:
Compositio chemica ferri resolvitur ad comprobandum quod requisitis API 5L specificationis occurrit.
Analysis chemica fit utens spectrometri directo-lectum ad compositionem elementalem ferri accurate determinet.

Mechanica Testis:
Mechanica proprietates qualia sunt vires, distrahentes vires, et elongationem probantur ut certa requisita occurrant.
Mechanica probatio fit utens machina 60-ton distrahens probatio ut metiatur ferri vim et ductilem.

Hydrostatic Testis:
Experimentum hydrostaticum ad integritatem fistulae reprimendam perducitur et curare potest pressuram necessitatum eius applicationis intentae sustinere.
Fistulae aqua implentur et pressioni subiecta, cum gradibus testium durationis et pressionis ab API 5L signatis specificantur.

Non-Destructive Testis (NDT);
Modi NDT sicut ultrasonic probatio (UT) et particula magnetica probatio (MT) adhibentur ad deprehendendos quoslibet defectus vel discontinuitates in organo.
UT in defectibus internis recognoscendis adhibetur, MT ad defectus superficies deprehendendos adhibetur.

Testis impulsum:
Ictus probatio exercetur perpendere duritiem ferri ad temperaturas humiles.
Ictum test Charpy vulgo adhibitum est ut ictum energiae ferro absorptae metiretur.

Duritia Testis:
Duritia probatio perducitur ad duritiem ferri, quae vim suam ac congruentiam in applicationibus specificis significare potest.
Rockwell duritiem expertus saepe duritiem ferri metiebatur.
Microstructure Examen:
Examen Microstructurae conficitur ad aestimandam structuram frumenti et altiorem qualitatem ferri.
Microscopium metallurgicum ad microstructuram ferri examinandam et abnormitates quaslibet cognoscendas adhibetur.

His rigidis probationibus signis adhaerens, Womic Ferro efficit ut eius API 5L fistulae rectae summae qualitatis requisitae occurrant et certas in variis applicationibus industriales effectus praebeant.

Processus productionis:

1. Seamless Steel Pipes:
- Rudis Materialis electio: Qualitas rotundi ferrei tabellae selectae sunt ad producendas fistulas ferreas inconsutiles.
- Heating and Piercing: Tabellae calefiunt ad caliditatem et deinde perforatum ad concham cavam creandam.
- Rolling and Sizing: Testa perforata tunc revolvitur et extenditur ad desideratam diametri crassitudinem.
- Curatio caloris: Tibiae calori subiecta sunt processus curationum furnum vel normalizing ad emendandas suas mechanicas proprietates.
— Finishing : Fistulas processus conficiendos ut directio, incisio, inspectio.
- Testis: Fisulae varias tentationes subeunt, inter experimentum hydrostaticum, probatio ultrasonica, et probatio currentis torsit, ut qualitatem eorum curet.
- Curatio superficiei: Fisulae obductis vel tractatae sunt, ne corrosio eorum et speciem emendare possit.
- Packaging and Shipping: Fisulae diligenter fasciculatae sunt et ad clientes deportantur.

2. LSAW (Arcum Welding longitudinale submersum) Ferro Pipes:
- Praeparatio Plate: Qualitas laminae ferreae ad tibias LSAW producendas paratae sunt.
- Formans: Eae formantur in figura "U" utens machina prae- tendentis.
- Welding: The "U" bracteae conformatae tunc in unum conflati sunt utentes processus processus demerso arcu glutino.
- Expansio: commissura iuncta dilatetur ad diametrum desideratum utens machina expansione interna vel externa.
- Inspectio: Fisulae inspectionem pro defectibus et accuratione dimensiva.
- Ultrasonic Testis: Fisulae ultrasonicae subiectae sunt experimento aliquos defectus internos deprehendendi.
— Beveling : Fistula extremitates ad weldingum beveled.
- Coing and Marking: Fisulae obductis notari possunt secundum usoris exigentias.
- Packaging and Shipping: Fisulae fasciculatae sunt et ad clientes portandas.

3. HFW (High-Frequency Welding) Ferro Pipes:
- Coil Praeparatio: Clavi ferrarii praeparantur ad fistulas HFW producendas.
- Formans et Welding: gyri in cylindricam figuram formantur ac deinde in altum frequentiam glutino adhibito conflati sunt.
- Weld Soam Calefaciens: in pugillo commissura calefacta est ad glutino temperatus utens summus frequentiae inductionis calefactio.
- Sizing: Fistula iuncta ad diametrum debitam et crassitudinem amplitudo est.
— Secans et Beveling: Tibia incisa ad optatam longitudinem et fines glutino beveled.
- Inspectio: Fisulae inspectionem pro defectibus et accuratione dimensiva.
- Hydrostatic Testis: Fisulae pro viribus et libero libero experimento hydrostatico probatae sunt.
- Coing and Marking: Fisae obductis notanturque ad mos requisita.
- Packaging and Shipping: Fisulae fasciculatae sunt et ad clientes portandas.

Hae singulares processus productionis praestantiam qualitatem et fidem inconsutilem, LSAW, et HFW fistulae ferro a Womic Steel fabricatae efficiunt, convenientes restrictis exigentiis variarum industriarum.

Superficiem treatment:

Curatio superficiei chalybi pipelini pendet ad eius corrosionem resistendum et ad vitam serviendi augendam.Womic Steel variis methodis superficiei tractationis utitur in diversis requisitis a clientibus, incluso:
1. Calidum intingere Galvanizing: Fistula ferrea in zinci fusili immergitur ad mixturam stannum ferreae zinci formandam, eius resistentiam corrosioni augendam.Calidum intingere moveret ad placitum et humilem pressuram pipelines aptum est.
2. Anti-corrosio Coatings: Communes anti-corrosiones coatingunt tunicas epoxy, polyethylenas tunicas, polyurethanas tunicas.Hae tunicae efficaciter impediunt oxidationem et corrosionem in tibiae ferreae superficie, vitam suam prolongans.
3. Sandblasting: Summus celeritas laesura uredine adhibetur fistulam ferream ad purgandum, rubiginem et immunditiam e superficie tollendam, fundamentum bonum praebens ad curationes vestiturae subsequentes.
4. Curatio coatingis: Tibiae ferreae superficies cum anti-morsivis fucis, bituminis fucis et aliis linitionibus ad suam corrosionem resistendam augendam, tibiae subterraneae et tibicinis in ambitibus marinis apta.

Hae methodi curationis superficiei a corrosione et detrimento ferrum pipelinum efficaciter defendunt, dum suam firmitatem et vetustatem in variis ambitibus durant.

Packaging and Transportation:

Ferro Womicus securam sarcinam et certam translationem de ferro pipelino efficit, ut optiones flexibiles ad diversas necessitates emptorum conveniant;

1. Mole Cargo: Pro magnis ordinibus, pipeline chalybs in mole portari potest utentes portantium mole propria.Ferrum directe onustum est in custodia navis sine fasciculo, ad vecturam sumptus efficaces magnas quantitates idoneas.
2. LCL (Locus Minus quam Continens): Minores ordines, pipeline chalybs, sicut oneraria LCL portari potest, ubi plures ordines minores in unum receptaculum consolidantur.Haec methodus pro minoribus quantitatibus sumptus efficax est et flexibiliores cedulas partus praebet.
3. FCL (Locus Full Continens): Customers FCL naves optare possunt, ubi vas plenum suo ordini dicatum est.Haec methodus citius transit tempora praebet ac periculum damni in tractando minuit.
4. Air ONERARIUS: Pro urgentibus ordinibus, oneraria aeris celeri partus praesto est.Dum vecturae marinae carior est, onerarias aer celeres et certas vecturas pro tempore sensitivo portandas praebet.

Womic Ferro efficit ut omnes naues secures sarcinas habeant ne damnum in translatione intersit.Ferrum proprie est in materia tutela involutum et in vasis vel in grabatis munitum ut stabilitatem in transitu obtineat.Accedit, societas cum sociis navalibus honestis operibus arcte laborat, ut opportuna traditio et logistics administratio efficiat.

Applicationem missiones:

API 5L Tibiae rectae a Womic Steel productae late in petrolei et gasi naturali industriae adhibentur ad translationem olei, gasi et aliorum liquorum.Adhibentur etiam in variis aliis industriis ut chemicae processus, potentiae generationis et constructionis.

conclusio:

Foemina Steel fabrica credita est API 5L fistularum linearum, qualitates altas offerens productas, quae duris postulationibus petrolei et gasi naturali industriae occurrent.Cum focus in qualitate, fide et satisfactione emptoris, Womic Ferro pergit malle electionem pro clientibus terrarum orbis.

Post tempus: Mar-22-2024

API 5L Line Pipe: A Comprehensive Guide to Chemical Composition and Performance